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1.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet ; 42(12): 805-810, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33348397

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the most frequent referrals for fetal echocardiography, including advanced maternal age and its association with abnormal results. METHODS: We included all pregnant women referred to perform fetal echocardiography (gestational age 22-32 weeks) in 2 health centers in Rio de Janeiro, from June 2015 to June 2016. Advanced maternal age was considered when age was > 35 years at the time of delivery). Referral reasons and results were recorded, according to the Brazilian Fetal Cardiology Statement. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated (Poisson regression). We considered p < 0.05 as significant. RESULTS: A total of 1,221 tests were analyzed. Abnormal fetal echocardiography was observed in 14.82% of the cases. The most frequent abnormalities were interventricular septal defect (6.39%), septal hypertrophy (3.35%) and atrioventricular septal defect (1.14%). Routine exams were performed in 559 women, 289 were referred for advanced maternal age and 373 were referred according to the Brazilian Fetal Cardiology Statement criteria. An obstetric ultrasound suggesting fetal cardiac abnormality, maternal diabetes, increased nuchal translucency, and obstetric ultrasound suggesting a noncardiac abnormality were strongly associated with an abnormal fetal echocardiography. Abnormal results were not more frequent in women with advanced maternal age when compared with the rest of the study group. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that routine exams and advanced maternal age referrals were very frequent. Those exams were not associated to fetal echocardiography abnormalities. In this scenario, when the obstetric ultrasound suggests a fetal cardiac abnormality, the fetal echocardiography probably is abnormal. Therefore, obstetric ultrasound is a good screening method.


OBJETIVO: Analisar as indicações mais frequentes para realização de ecocardiografia fetal, incluindo idade materna avançada, e a associação destas com exames alterados. MéTODOS: Foram incluídas todas as gestantes que realizaram ecocardiografia fetal na idade gestacional entre 22 e 32 semanas, em 2 centros de referência no Rio de Janeiro, no período de junho de 2015 a junho de 2016. Foi considerada idade materna avançada se no momento do parto a idade materna fosse > 35 anos. As indicações e os resultados dos exames foram registrados, segundo a Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiologia Fetal. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas através da regressão de Poisson, considerando-se p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.221 exames foram analisados. A frequência de exame ecocardiográfico alterado foi 14,82%. As alterações mais frequentes foram defeito do septo interventricular (6,39%), hipertrofia septal (3,35%) e defeito do septo atrioventricular (1,14%). Quinhentos e cinquenta e nove exames foram realizados com indicação de rotina, 289 por idade materna avançada e 373 preenchiam critério de acordo com a Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiologia Fetal. O exame ecocardiográfico alterado foi associado ao ultrassom obstétrico sugerindo cardiopatia fetal, ao diabetes materno, à translucência nucal aumentada e ao ultrassom obstétrico sugerindo alteração extracardíaca. Não foi observada maior frequência de exame ecocardiográfico alterado nas gestantes com idade materna avançada, comparado ao restante da amostra. CONCLUSãO: Constatou-se elevada frequência de indicações de rotina, e por idade materna avançada isoladamente, que não foram associados a alterações da ecocardiografia fetal. Em nosso meio, quando o ultrassom obstétrico sugere cardiopatia fetal, é muito provável que a ecocardiografia fetal também seja anormal. Portanto, o ultrassom obstétrico é um bom método de rastreio pré-natal.


Subject(s)
Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Maternal Age , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Echocardiography , Female , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/epidemiology , Gestational Age , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Young Adult
2.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 42(12): 805-810, Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156066

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To analyze the most frequent referrals for fetal echocardiography, including advanced maternal age and its association with abnormal results. Methods We included all pregnant women referred to perform fetal echocardiography (gestational age 22-32 weeks) in 2 health centers in Rio de Janeiro, from June 2015 to June 2016. Advanced maternal age was considered when age was > 35 years at the time of delivery). Referral reasons and results were recorded, according to the Brazilian Fetal Cardiology Statement. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated (Poisson regression). We considered p < 0.05 as significant. Results A total of 1,221 tests were analyzed. Abnormal fetal echocardiography was observed in 14.82% of the cases. The most frequent abnormalities were interventricular septal defect (6.39%), septal hypertrophy (3.35%) and atrioventricular septal defect (1.14%). Routine exams were performed in 559 women, 289 were referred for advanced maternal age and 373 were referred according to the Brazilian FetalCardiology Statement criteria. An obstetric ultrasound suggesting fetal cardiacabnormality, maternal diabetes, increased nuchal translucency, and obstetric ultrasound suggesting a noncardiac abnormality were strongly associated with an abnormal fetal echocardiography. Abnormal results were not more frequent in women with advanced maternal age when compared with the rest of the study group. Conclusions It was observed that routine exams and advancedmaternal age referrals were very frequent. Those exams were not associated to fetal echocardiography abnormalities. In this scenario, when the obstetric ultrasound suggests a fetal cardiac


Resumo Objetivo Analisar as indicações mais frequentes para realização de ecocardiografia fetal, incluindo idade materna avançada, e a associação destas com exames alterados. Métodos Foram incluídas todas as gestantes que realizaram ecocardiografia fetal na idade gestacional entre 22 e 32 semanas, em 2 centros de referência no Rio de Janeiro, no período de junho de 2015 a junho de 2016. Foi considerada idadematerna avançada se no momento do parto a idade materna fosse> 35 anos. As indicações e os resultados dos exames foram registrados, segundo a Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiologia Fetal. Foramcalculadas as razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas através da regressão de Poisson, considerando-se p < 0,05. Resultados Um total de 1.221 exames foram analisados. A frequência de exame ecocardiográfico alterado foi 14,82%. As alterações mais frequentes foram defeito do septo interventricular (6,39%), hipertrofia septal (3,35%) e defeito do septo atrioventricular (1,14%). Quinhentos e cinquenta e nove exames foram realizados com indicação de rotina, 289 por idade materna avançada e 373 preenchiam critério de acordo com a Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiologia Fetal. O exame ecocardiográfico alterado foi associado ao ultrassom obstétrico sugerindo cardiopatia fetal, ao diabetes materno, à translucência nucal aumentada e ao ultrassom obstétrico sugerindo alteração extracardíaca. Não foi observada maior frequência de exame ecocardiográfico alterado nas gestantes com idade materna avançada, comparado ao restante da amostra. Conclusão Constatou-se elevada frequência de indicações de rotina, e por idade materna avançada isoladamente, que não foram associados a alterações da ecocardiografia fetal. Em nosso meio, quando o ultrassom obstétrico sugere cardiopatia fetal, é muito provável que a ecocardiografia fetal tambémseja anormal. Portanto, o ultrassom obstétrico é um bom método de rastreio pré-natal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Maternal Age , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Echocardiography , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gestational Age , Fetal Diseases/epidemiology , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging
4.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(6): 578-584, nov.- dez. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979722

ABSTRACT

Background: Rheumatic carditis is a challenge for treatment and secondary prophylaxis, due to severe valve sequelae. Objective: To evaluate the cases of rheumatic carditis in patients under 18 years old treated with corticosteroids.Methods: An observational, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out on the profile of patients, in the period of 2000-2015. We selected those who received corticosteroid therapy at immunosuppressive doses, for the treatment of carditis and were aged 5 to 18 years. Data were extracted from medical records. Calculations of: averages, standard deviations, medians and interquartile ranges, ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained. Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests were applied for comparisons. The level of significance was 5%. Results: Of the 93 cases, 93.53% developed moderate or severe carditis. Mitral regurgitation was detected in 100% of the sample. Pulse therapy was administered in 11.83%. Surgery was performed in 23.69% of patients: mitral, aortic and/or tricuspid valve repair or replacement. The evolution of the cases was favorable in 70.96%. There was a good response among those who received only clinical treatment and those who belonged to the surgical group. The comparison of the initial and posterior valve lesions to the corticoid use was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A difference between the ejection fraction medians was observed (p = 0.048). Hospitalization was required twice or more for 45.16% of the patients. The mortality rate was 5.38%.Conclusions: The patients showed significant clinical improvement. The treatment was effective, reducing trivalvular impairment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Rheumatic Fever/therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Hospitals, Public , Myocarditis/complications , Myocarditis/physiopathology , Aortic Valve , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Prostheses and Implants , Tertiary Healthcare/methods , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Treatment Outcome , Observational Study , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Mitral Valve , Mitral Valve Insufficiency
5.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(3): f:243-l:250, mai.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-836713

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: A hipertensão arterial é uma doença multissistêmica que aumenta o risco de eventos cardíacos fatais. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de aumento dos níveis pressóricos arteriais de pré-adolescentes e adolescentes e correlacionar esses níveis pressóricos com a presença de sobrepeso ou obesidade e com a histórico familiar de hipertensão.Métodos: Em um estudo observacional de corte transversal, selecionou-se aleatoriamente uma amostra de 157 estudantes do município de Petrópolis, com idades entre dez e dezenove anos. Participaram do estudo quatro escolas públicas e uma particular. Os responsáveis de cada estudante responderam um questionário sobre doenças pré-existentes, histórico familiar de hipertensão e aferições prévias da pressão arterial. Realizou-se exame físico pormenorizado, antropometria e duas aferições da pressão arterial com intervalos mínimos de dez minutos em três ocasiões, totalizando seis aferições. Resultados: os níveis pressóricos se mostraram alterados em 17 (10,8%/IC95% 5,9-15,7) indivíduos estudados. Houve significância estatística entre a alteração dos níveis pressóricos e a presença de sobrepeso e obesidade (p < 0,001), assim como com a presença de histórico familiar positivo para hipertensão (p < 0,05). Uma parcela de 32,5% dos indivíduos estudados nunca havia aferido a pressão arterial, sendo que nos doze meses que antecederam o estudo, 45,5% da amostra também não a havia aferido. Conclusões: O presente estudo demonstrou que um percentual significativo de estudantes do município de Petrópolis ­ RJ apresenta níveis pressóricos elevados com correlação estatisticamente significativa com sobrepeso ou obesidade e com histórico familiar positivo para hipertensão arterial sistêmica


Background: Arterial hypertension is a multisystem disease that increases the risk of fatal cardiac events. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of increased blood pressure levels of pre-adolescents and adolescents and correlate these pressure levels with the presence of overweight or obesity and family history of hypertension. Methods: In an observational, cross-sectional study, a sample of 157 students from the city of Petropolis aged from ten to nineteen was randomly selected. The study included four public schools and one private school. The persons responsible for each student answered a questionnaire on pre-existing conditions, family history of hypertension and previous blood pressure measurements. A thorough physical examination, anthropometric evaluation and two blood pressure readings were taken at intervals of at least ten minutes, on three different occasions, totaling six measurements. Results: Blood pressure levels have shown to be abnormal in 17 (10.8% / IC95% 5.9-15.7) studied individuals. Statistical significance was found between the change in blood pressure and the presence of overweight and obesity (p < 0.001), as well as with the presence of family history of hypertension (p < 0.05). A portion of 32.5% of the subjects had never had their blood pressure measured, and over the twelve months prior to the study, 45.5% of the sample had not measured it either. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a significant percentage of students in the city of Petrópolis, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, has high blood pressure with a statistically significant correlation with overweight or obesity and a family history of hypertension


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent , Child , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity , Overweight , Prevalence , Body Mass Index , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Epidemiologic Methods , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Observational Studies as Topic , Risk Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical
6.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 28(3): 173-180, mai.-jun. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775239

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: A forma de Duchenne é a mais comum e grave das distrofias musculares. De herança recessivaligada ao cromossoma X, acomete meninos e afeta os músculos estriados e o miocárdio. Origina-se de mutaçõesno gene da distrofina, o maior gene humano com 79 éxons. Objetivos: Verificar as alterações cardíacas iniciais em pacientes pediátricos com distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) e realizar o estudo molecular das alterações no gene da distrofina. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo incluindo pacientes pediátricos portadores de DMD, com avaliação clínica, medição do nível sérico de creatinofosfoquinase, eletrocardiograma, ecoDopplercardiograma e eletrocardiografia dinâmica e genotipagem do DNA, com amplificação dos 18 éxons mais acometidos.Resultados: Foram estudados 11 meninos de 6-14 anos de idade. Não havia alterações importantes ao exameclínico cardiológico. Observou-se aumento da creatinofosfoquinase em todos os pacientes. O eletrocardiogramamostrou alterações precoces, com ondas R altas em V1 (n=7), bloqueio de ramo direito (n=2), ondas delta e PR curto (n=1) e distúrbio da repolarização ventricular (n=1). Em 4 pacientes, o ecocardiograma evidenciou sinaisde disfunção sistólica. O eletrocardiograma dinâmico (Holter) mostrou alteração em 4 pacientes: com muitas extrassístoles (n=3) e com síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White (n=1). Todas as crianças recebiam corticoterapia. Não houve correlação significativa entre a deleção do éxon 52 e arritmias (p=0,43). O estudo molecular evidenciou deleção do éxon 52 nos 4 pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada, sendo que em 2 havia deleção concomitante nos éxons 1 e 50, respectivamente. Nos outros 7 pacientes havia deleção nos éxons 48, 51, 52 e 57.Conclusões: O eletrocardiograma mostrou as primeiras alterações nos pacientes pediátricos com DMD. Nos casos com cardiomiopatia dilatada e arritmia, detectou-se deleção do éxon 52.


Background: Duchenne Dystrophy is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy. It has an X chromosome-linked recessiveinheritance and affects boys’ striated muscles and myocardium. It is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, the largest human gene, composed of 79 exons. Objectives: To check the early cardiac changes in pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and carry out the molecular study of changes in the dystrophin gene.Methods: Prospective study involving pediatric patients with DMD, with clinical assessment, measurement of serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, electrocardiogram, Doppler echocardiography and dynamic electrocardiography and DNA genotyping, with amplificationof the 18 most affected exons. Results: A group of 11 boys aged 6-14 years was studied. Clinical cardiological examination did not reveal any major changes. An increase in creatinine phosphokinase was detected in all patients. Electrocardiogram showed early changes, with high R waves in V1 (n=7) right bundle branch block (n=2), delta waves and short PR interval (n=1), and signs of disturbance of ventricular repolarization (n=1). Echocardiogramshowed signs of systolic dysfunction. Dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter) showed changes in 4 patients: with many extrasystoles (n=3) andWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (n=1). All children received corticosteroid therapy. There was no significant correlation between exon52 deletion and arrhythmias (p=0.43). The molecular study revealed an exon 52 deletion in 4 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, of which2 had concomitant deletion of exons 1 and 50, respectively. Other 7 patients had deletions of exons 48, 51, 52 and 57. Conclusions: Electrocardiogram showed the first changes in pediatric patients with DMD. In cases with dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, the deletion of exon 52 was detected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Child , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics , Dystrophin/physiology , Dystrophin/genetics , Echocardiography, Doppler , Electrocardiography/methods , Genotype , Prospective Studies
7.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 49(6): 437-445, Dec. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697121

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The study of placentas from pregnant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women has become the subject of numerous studies in the literature. Morphological, viral, immune and inflammatory placental aspects have been analyzed in order to grasp the vertical transmission of the virus. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent findings in the placentas by associating them with a viral antigen and correlating them with the infection of newborns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five placentas from HIV- positive pregnant women were pathologically and immunohistochemically analyzed with the use of p24 antibody in the period from 1992 to1997 in accordance with the routine laboratory testing from the Anatomopathological Department - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro - Universidade Federal Fluminense (APD/HUAP/UFF). RESULTS: The microscopic alterations detected in all cases, including those with vertical transmission, were arteriopathy in the fetal blood circulation, chorioamnionitis, perivillous fibrin deposition, syncytial knotting, villous edema and villous immaturity. No specific macroscopic or histopathological changes were found in these placentas. The neonatal infection was observed in five cases. Vertical transmission was identified in two out of five placentas that had low weight for the respective stage of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed 14 positive cases, two of which showed vertical transmission. The viral protein was not identified in 10 out of 14 placentas from patients who had been medicated with zidovudine (AZT). CONCLUSION: Our study has contributed to the anatomopathological investigation into placentas from HIV-positive patients, although p24 expression per se did not allow a definite and early diagnosis of the vertical transmission.


INTRODUÇÃO: A importância do estudo da placenta de gestantes com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) soropositivas tornou-se alvo de inúmeros trabalhos na literatura. Aspectos morfológicos, virais, imunes e inflamatórios intrínsecos ao tecido placentário foram analisados para o entendimento da transmissão vertical do vírus. OBJETIVO: Identificar as lesões mais frequentes nas placentas, associando-as ao antígeno viral e correlacionando-as com a infecção dos recém-nascidos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trinta e cinco placentas de gestantes HIV soropositivas foram analisadas por estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico, utilizando o anticorpo p24, no período de 1992 a 1997, segundo a rotina do laboratório do Serviço Anatomia Patológica/Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro/Universidade Federal Fluminense (SAP/HUAP/UFF). RESULTADOS: As alterações microscópicas registradas em todos os casos, inclusive nos de transmissão vertical, foram arteriopatia no circuito vascular fetal, corionamnionite, depósito fibrinoide perivilositário, excesso de nós sinciciais, edema do estroma viloso e dismaturidade vilosa. Nenhuma alteração microscópica ou macroscópica específica do HIV foi encontrada nas placentas. A infecção neonatal pôde ser constatada em cinco casos. A transmissão vertical foi identificada em duas placentas entre cinco que tinham baixo peso para a idade gestacional. Análise da imuno-histoquímica do p24 mostrou 14 casos positivos, dois dos quais apresentaram transmissão vertical. A proteína viral não foi identificada em 10 das 14 placentas cujas pacientes foram medicadas com zidovudina (AZT). CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo contribuiu para o estudo anatomopatológico da placenta de pacientes soropositivas para o HIV, porém a expressão do p24 por si só não permitiu um diagnóstico definitivo e precoce da transmissão vertical.

8.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 25(2): 99-102, 2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-712089

ABSTRACT

Corrimento vaginal é a queixa mais frequente em Ginecologia, em toda e qualquer idade. A atenção em ginecologia infanto puberal apresenta características específicas que a diferenciam do atendimento ginecológico a mulheres de outras faixas etárias. A busca pelo médico, nas crianças e adolescentes, em geral é acompanhada de preocupação de pais e responsáveis. Objetivo: Avaliar a relevância do diagnóstico clínico frente a queixas sugestivas de vulvovaginite em crianças e adolescentes. Identificar sintomas, diagnósticos, terapêuticas e desfechos em crianças e adolescentes atendidas em um hospital universitário. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de análise de prontuários de crianças e adolescentes até 15 anos de idade, atendidas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia Infanto Puberal do HUAP de 01/01/2002 a 31/12/2012. Foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis: município de origem das pacientes, forma como foram encaminhadas, idade, status com ou sem menarca, queixas, tempo das queixas, presença de comorbidades, diagnóstico, tratamentos efetuados e desfecho. Foi utilizado teste não paramétrico para verificação das hipóteses estabelecidas para as variáveis contínuas. Resultados: Do universo de 203 pacientes incluídas no estudo, 46 apresentavam cuidados de higiene deficientes; 76, hábitos de vestuário inadequado; 67, ambos; 11 pacientes tiveram o diagnóstico de candidíase; 1 era portadora de coalescência de pequenos lábios e apenas 2 apresentavam, de fato, vulvovaginite. Conclusão: É alta a relevância do adequado diagnóstico, frente a queixas sugestivas de vulvovaginite, já que a quase totalidade do grupo em estudo não apresentou qualquer tipo de doença.


Vaginal discharge is the most frequent complaint in Gynecology at any age. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology has specific features that differentiate it from gynecological care of women from other age groups. The search for a doctor, for children and adolescents, is generally accompaniedby concern of parents and guardians. Objective: To evaluate the relevance of the clinical diagnosis face to the complaints suggestive of vulvovaginitisin children and adolescents. To identify symptoms, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes in the study population. Subjects and Methods: Children andadolescents up to the of age of 15 years were selected for this retrospective study. They were looked after at the Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Ambulatory of the Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro from 01/01/2002 to 31/12/2012. The following variables were studied: the city of origin of the patients, the way they were routed, age, status with or without menarche, complaints, while complaints, co morbidities, diagnosis, treatments performed,and outcome. Nonparametric test was used to verify the hypotheses established for the continuous variables. Results: From the pool of 203 patientsincluded in the study, 46 had lack of hygiene care; 76, inappropriate clothing habits; 67, both; 11 patients were diagnosed with candidiasis; one was a carrierof the coalescence of the labia minora, and only two showed, vulvovaginitis. Conclusions: The relevance of the clinical diagnosis was proved, face to the complaints suggestive of vulvovaginitis, as 93.1 % of the study group did not show any kind of pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Vulvovaginitis/diagnosis , Homeopathic Therapeutic Approaches , Gynecology , Candidiasis , Retrospective Studies , Hospitals, University
10.
Cien Saude Colet ; 16(5): 2643-52, 2011 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21655738

ABSTRACT

With the advent of potent antiretroviral therapy and the increase in life expectancy of pediatric patients infected with HIV, the quest for the promotion of enhanced quality of life should currently be the main focus in care of children with HIV/Aids. The scope of this study was to validate the Scale of Children's Quality of Life in a group of children infected with HIV receiving clinical care in Aids Service Units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This scale consists of 26 questions and was tested on 100 children, with ages varying between 4 and 12, and their respective parents or guardians. Statistical analysis was conducted using canonical correlation and confidence interval analysis and the X² test. The results showed that the cut-off point obtained was 49; the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 for the children and 0.67 for parents or guardians. The response profile revealed marked satisfaction with aspects such as vacations and birthdays, though less satisfaction with items including hospitalization and playing alone. The conclusion was that the scale revealed satisfactory psychometric measurements, proving to be a reliable, consistent, valid and recommended instrument for measuring the quality of life of children infected with HIV.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(5): 2643-2652, maio 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-588962

ABSTRACT

With the advent of potent antiretroviral therapy and the increase in life expectancy of pediatric patients infected with HIV, the quest for the promotion of enhanced quality of life should currently be the main focus in care of children with HIV/Aids. The scope of this study was to validate the Scale of Children's Quality of Life in a group of children infected with HIV receiving clinical care in Aids Service Units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This scale consists of 26 questions and was tested on 100 children, with ages varying between 4 and 12, and their respective parents or guardians. Statistical analysis was conducted using canonical correlation and confidence interval analysis and the c² test. The results showed that the cut-off point obtained was 49; the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 for the children and 0.67 for parents or guardians. The response profile revealed marked satisfaction with aspects such as vacations and birthdays, though less satisfaction with items including hospitalization and playing alone. The conclusion was that the scale revealed satisfactory psychometric measurements, proving to be a reliable, consistent, valid and recommended instrument for measuring the quality of life of children infected with HIV.


Atualmente, com o advento da terapia antirretroviral potente e o aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo HIV, a busca da promoção de uma melhor qualidade de vida deve ser o foco principal na atenção a crianças vivendo com HIV/Aids. Torna-se necessária a utilização de um instrumento adequado a este grupo visando à investigação e à avaliação da sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo objetivou realizar validação da Escala de Qualidade de Vida da Criança em crianças infectadas pelo HIV atendidas em Serviços de Sida/Aids do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Esta escala é composta de 26 perguntas e sua aplicação ocorreu em 100 crianças entre quatro e 12 anos e seus responsáveis. A análise estatística realizada utilizou correlações canônicas, intervalo de con­fiança e teste c². O ponto de corte obtido foi 49; a consistência interna expressa por um alfa de Cronbach da ordem de 0,73 para as crianças e 0,67 para os responsáveis. O perfil de resposta demonstrou satisfação elevada para itens como férias e aniversário, e os de menor satisfação foram internação e brincar sozinho. Conclui-se que a escala apresentou medidas psicométricas satisfatórias, tornando-se um instrumento confiável, consistente, válido e recomendável de mensuração da qualidade de vida de crianças infectadas pelo HIV.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , HIV Infections , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires
12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(3): 295-302, set. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560549

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Arritmias cardíacas são a maior causa de morte súbita tardia em pacientes operados de Tetralogia de Fallot (TF). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ocorrência de arritmias cardíacas em crianças e adolescentes operados de TF, associando-as aos aspectos clínicos e de exames complementares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em 37 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de TF no Instituto Estadual de Cardiologia Aloysio de Castro (RJ). Após revisão de prontuários e avaliação clínica, os pacientes foram submetidos a eletrocardiograma (ECG), ecocardiograma (Eco), Holter 24h (Holter) e teste ergométrico (TE), sendo os resultados submetidos a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Estudados 37 pacientes, 54 por cento masculinos, idade 9,7 ± 3,5 anos, seguimento médio de 4,7 ± 1,9 anos. Alterações mais prevalentes: ECG: bloqueio de ramo direito (89 por cento); Eco: insuficiência pulmonar grave (43 por cento), estenose pulmonar leve (73 por cento), hipertrofia ventricular direita (HVD) moderada (57 por cento). No TE, baixa capacidade de exercício (90 por cento), déficit cronotrópico (40 por cento), arritmias (20 por cento). Ao Holter, 59 por cento apresentaram arritmias: ventriculares 44 por cento, supraventriculares 38 por cento e ambas 24 por cento, com predomínio de extrassístoles pouco frequentes e benignas. Cinco pacientes (15 por cento) apresentaram extrassístoles polimórficas. Houve associação entre arritmia ventricular e HVD moderada e grave (p=0,026) e também com gradiente ventrículo direito-artéria pulmonar (VD/AP) > 45 mmHg (p=0,004). Através da Regressão Logística, o aumento do gradiente VD/AP foi fator preditivo independente para arritmia ventricular (p=0,017). CONCLUSÃO: Arritmias cardíacas foram um achado comum em grande parte de crianças e adolescentes após reparo cirúrgico de TF, porém pouco frequentes e benignas, na maioria dos casos. O gradiente pressórico VD-AP foi considerado forte preditor para arritmia ventricular.


BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrhythmias are the major cause of late sudden death in patients undergoing repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TF). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in children and adolescents undergoing repair of TF, and to associate them with clinical aspects and laboratory tests. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 37 patients undergoing repair of TF at Instituto Estadual de Cardiologia Aloysio de Castro (Rio de Janeiro). After review of the medical records and clinical assessment, the patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (Echo), 24-h Holter monitoring and exercise test (ET), whose results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 37 patients of whom 54 percent were males with a mean age of 9.7 ± 3.5 years and mean follow-up period of 4.7 ± 1.9 years were studied. The abnormalities most frequently found were: on ECG: right bundle branch block (89 percent); Echo: severe pulmonary regurgitation (43 percent), mild pulmonary stenosis (73 percent), moderate right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH, 57 percent); on ET: low exercise capacity (90 percent), impaired chronotropic response (40 percent), arrhythmias (20 percent); on Holter monitoring: arrhythmias (59 percent, of which 44 percent were ventricular, 38 percent supraventricular, and 24 percent both ventricular and supraventricular, with predominance of infrequent and benign ventricular premature beats). Five patients (15 percent) presented with multiform ventricular premature beats. There was an association of ventricular arrhythmia with moderate and severe RVH (p=0.026), as well as with right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery gradient (RV/PA) > 45 mmHg (p=0.004). The logistic regression analysis showed that increased RV/PA gradient was an independent predictor of ventricular arrhythmia (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: Cardiac arrhythmia was a common finding in a large proportion of children and adolescents after surgical repair of TF; however, it was infrequent and benign in most of the cases. The RV/PA gradient was considered a strong predictor of ventricular arrhythmia.


FUNDAMENTO: Arritmias cardíacas son la mayor causa de muerte súbita tardía en pacientes operados de Tetralogía de Fallot (TF). OBJETIVO: Evaluar la ocurrencia de arritmias cardíacas en niños y adolescentes operados de TF, asociándolas a los aspectos clínicos y de exámenes complementarios. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en 37 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de TF en el Instituto Estadual de Cardiología Aloysio de Castro (RJ). Tras revisión de prontuarios y evaluación clínica, los pacientes fueron sometidos a electrocardiograma (ECG), ecocardiograma (Eco), Holter 24h (Holter) y prueba ergométrica (PE), siendo los resultados sometidos al análisis estadístico. RESULTADOS: Estudiados 37 pacientes, el 54 por ciento masculinos, edad 9,7 ± 3,5 años, seguimiento promedio de 4,7 ± 1,9 años. Cambio más prevalentes: ECG: bloqueo de rama derecha (89 por ciento); Eco: insuficiencia pulmonar severa (43 por ciento), estenosis pulmonar ligera (73 por ciento), hipertrofia ventricular derecha (HVD) moderada (57 por ciento). En la PE, baja capacidad de ejercicio (90 por ciento), déficit cronotrópico (40 por ciento), arritmias (20 por ciento). Al Holter, el 59 por ciento presentó arritmias: ventriculares el 44 por ciento, supraventriculares el 38 por ciento y ambas el 24 por ciento, con predominio de extrasístoles poco frecuentes y benignas. Cinco pacientes (15 por ciento) presentaron extrasístoles polimórficas. Hubo asociación entre arritmia ventricular y HVD moderada y severa (p=0,026) y también con gradiente ventrículo derecho-arteria pulmonar (VD/AP) >45 mmHg (p=0,004). A través de la Regresión Logística, el aumento del gradiente VD/AP fue factor predictivo independiente para arritmia ventricular (p=0,017). CONCLUSIÓN: Las arritmias cardíacas fueron un hallazgo común en gran parte de los niños y adolescentes tras reparación quirúrgica de TF, sin embargo, poco frecuentes y benignas, en la mayoría de los casos. El gradiente de presión VD-AP se consideró como un fuerte predictor para arritmia ventricular.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Electrocardiography , Epidemiologic Methods , Treatment Outcome
13.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 95(3): 295-302, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20640382

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrhythmias are the major cause of late sudden death in patients undergoing repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TF). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in children and adolescents undergoing repair of TF, and to associate them with clinical aspects and laboratory tests. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 37 patients undergoing repair of TF at Instituto Estadual de Cardiologia Aloysio de Castro (Rio de Janeiro). After review of the medical records and clinical assessment, the patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (Echo), 24-h Holter monitoring and exercise test (ET), whose results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 37 patients of whom 54% were males with a mean age of 9.7 ± 3.5 years and mean follow-up period of 4.7 ± 1.9 years were studied. The abnormalities most frequently found were: on ECG: right bundle branch block (89%); Echo: severe pulmonary regurgitation (43%), mild pulmonary stenosis (73%), moderate right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH, 57%); on ET: low exercise capacity (90%), impaired chronotropic response (40%), arrhythmias (20%); on Holter monitoring: arrhythmias (59%, of which 44% were ventricular, 38% supraventricular, and 24% both ventricular and supraventricular, with predominance of infrequent and benign ventricular premature beats). Five patients (15%) presented with multiform ventricular premature beats. There was an association of ventricular arrhythmia with moderate and severe RVH (p=0.026), as well as with right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery gradient (RV/PA) > 45 mmHg (p=0.004). The logistic regression analysis showed that increased RV/PA gradient was an independent predictor of ventricular arrhythmia (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: Cardiac arrhythmia was a common finding in a large proportion of children and adolescents after surgical repair of TF; however, it was infrequent and benign in most of the cases. The RV/PA gradient was considered a strong predictor of ventricular arrhythmia.


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery , Adolescent , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Child , Electrocardiography , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Treatment Outcome
14.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 92(6): 400-4, 417-21, 433-8, 2009 Jun.
Article in English, Mul | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19629305

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mitral repair is well accepted in children with rheumatic fever. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of surgical mitral repair in children with rheumatic lesions after four years of follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective study of 40 patients younger than 18 years, who underwent surgery in the National Institute of Cardiology (Rio de Janeiro) between January 1998 and January 2003. The echocardiographic degree of mitral regurgitation; surgical technique used; pre and postoperative functional class; patient outcome; need for valve replacement; and deaths were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty one patients (52.5%) were females. Severe mitral regurgitation was observed in 32 patients (80%) and moderate in eight (20%). Three immediate deaths occurred (7.5%). Three months after surgery, echocardiography showed no valve regurgitation or mild regurgitation in 35 of 37 cases (94.6%) patients, and severe regurgitation in two (5.2%). Thirty three cases (82.5%) were in functional class III or IV in the preoperative period, and three months after surgery all the 37 cases (100%) were in functional class I or II. The differences between the degree of mitral regurgitation and functional class in pre and postoperative periods were statistically significant (p<0.01). Seven (19%) patients underwent heart valve replacement before four years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Mitral valve repair showed favorable results in most of the cases as regards the degree of mitral regurgitation and the pre and postoperative functional class. Only 19% of the patients required surgical valve replacement before four years of follow-up.


Subject(s)
Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Reoperation/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
15.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 67(2A): 254-61, 2009 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19547818

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the metabolic constitution of brain areas through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children affected with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder compared with normal children. METHOD: The sample of this case-control study included eight boys with epidemiologic history of in utero exposure to alcohol (median age 13.6+/-3.8 years) who were diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and eight controls (median age 12.1+/-3,4 years). An 8 cm(3) single voxel approach was used, with echo time 30 ms, repetition time 1500 ms, and 128 acquisitions in a 1.5T scanner, and four brain areas were analyzed: anterior cingulate, left frontal lobe, left striatum, and left cerebellar hemisphere. Peaks and ratios of metabolites N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, and myo-inositol were measured. RESULTS: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder showed a decrease in choline/creatine ratio (p=0.020) in left striatum and an increase in myo-inositol/creatine ratio (p=0.048) in left cerebellum compared with controls. There was no statistically significant difference in all peaks and ratios from the anterior cingulate and frontal lobe between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study found evidence that the left striatum and left cerebellum are affected by intrauterine exposure to alcohol. Additional studies with larger samples are necessary to expand our knowledge of the effects of fetal exposure to alcohol.


Subject(s)
Brain Chemistry , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy
16.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 92(6): 433-438, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519963

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A reconstrução mitral é bem aceita em crianças com febre reumática. OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados da reconstrução cirúrgica mitral, em crianças com lesões reumáticas, após quatro anos de evolução. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 40 pacientes menores de 18 anos, operados no Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (RJ), entre janeiro de 1998 e janeiro de 2003. Foram analisados o grau da regurgitação mitral pelo ecocardiograma, a técnica cirúrgica, a classe funcional pré e pós-operatória, a evolução dos casos, a necessidade de troca valvar e óbitos. RESULTADOS: Vinte e um pacientes (52,5 por cento) eram do sexo feminino. A insuficiência mitral era grave em 32 pacientes (80 por cento) e moderada em oito (20 por cento). Ocorreram três óbitos imediatos (7,5 por cento). Após três meses da cirurgia, o ecocardiograma demonstrou que em 35 de 37 casos (94,6 por cento) não havia regurgitação valvar ou essa era leve, e em dois pacientes (5,2 por cento) era grave. A classe funcional no pré-operatório era III e IV em 33 casos (82,5 por cento) e, três meses após a cirurgia, todos os 37 casos (100 por cento) estavam em classe funcional I e II. A diferença entre os dados do grau de regurgitação mitral e classe funcional no pré e no pós-operatório foram estatisticamente significativos (p<0,01). A troca valvar antes de quatro anos de evolução ocorreu em sete (19 por cento) dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: A reconstrução da valva mitral mostrou resultado favorável na maioria dos casos, ao considerarmos o grau de regurgitação mitral e a classe funcional pré e pós-cirúrgica e, somente 19 por cento dos pacientes vieram a necessitar da cirurgia para troca valvar antes de quatro anos de evolução.


BACKGROUND: Mitral repair is well accepted in children with rheumatic fever. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of surgical mitral repair in children with rheumatic lesions after four years of follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective study of 40 patients younger than 18 years, who underwent surgery in the National Institute of Cardiology (Rio de Janeiro) between January 1998 and January 2003. The echocardiographic degree of mitral regurgitation; surgical technique used; pre and postoperative functional class; patient outcome; need for valve replacement; and deaths were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty one patients (52.5 percent) were females. Severe mitral regurgitation was observed in 32 patients (80 percent) and moderate in eight (20 percent). Three immediate deaths occurred (7.5 percent). Three months after surgery, echocardiography showed no valve regurgitation or mild regurgitation in 35 of 37 cases (94.6 percent) patients, and severe regurgitation in two (5.2 percent). Thirty three cases (82.5 percent) were in functional class III or IV in the preoperative period, and three months after surgery all the 37 cases (100 percent) were in functional class I or II. The differences between the degree of mitral regurgitation and functional class in pre and postoperative periods were statistically significant (p<0.01). Seven (19 percent) patients underwent heart valve replacement before four years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Mitral valve repair showed favorable results in most of the cases as regards the degree of mitral regurgitation and the pre and postoperative functional class. Only 19 percent of the patients required surgical valve replacement before four years of follow-up.


FUNDAMENTO: La reconstrucción mitral tiene buena aceptación en niños con fiebre reumática. OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados de la reconstrucción quirúrgica mitral en niños con lesiones reumáticas después de cuatro años de evolución. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 40 pacientes menores de 18 años, operados en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (RJ), entre enero de 1998 y enero de 2003. Se analizó el grado de regurgitación mitral por ecocardiograma, la técnica quirúrgica, la clase funcional pre y post operatoria, la evolución de los casos, la necesidad de cambio valvular y óbitos. RESULTADOS: Veintiún pacientes (52,5 por ciento) eran del sexo femenino. La insuficiencia mitral era grave en 32 pacientes (80 por ciento) y moderada en ocho (20 por ciento). Ocurrieron tres óbitos inmediatos (7,5 por ciento). Después de tres meses de cirugía, el ecocardiograma mostró que en 35/37 (94,6 por ciento) no había regurgitación valvular o era leve, y en dos pacientes (5,2 por ciento) era grave. La clase funcional en el preoperatorio era III y IV en 33 casos (82,5 por ciento), y tres meses después de la cirugía los 37 casos (100 por ciento) estaban en clase funcional I y II. La diferencia entre los datos del grados de regurgitación mitral y clase funcional en el pre y post operatorio fueron estadísticamente significativos (p<0,01). El cambio valvular antes de cuatro de evolución ocurrió en siete (19 por ciento) de los casos. CONCLUSIÓN: La reconstrucción de la válvula mitral mostró resultado favorable en la mayoría de los casos al considerar el grado de regurgitación mitral y la clase funcional pre y post quirúrgica, y sólo el 19 por ciento de los pacientes necesitaron cirugía para cambio valvular antes de cuatro años de evolución.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Retrospective Studies , Reoperation/statistics & numerical data , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(2a): 254-261, June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517037

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the metabolic constitution of brain areas through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children affected with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder compared with normal children. METHOD: The sample of this case-control study included eight boys with epidemiologic history of in utero exposure to alcohol (median age 13.6±3.8 years) who were diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and eight controls (median age 12.1±3,4 years). An 8 cm³ single voxel approach was used, with echo time 30 ms, repetition time 1500 ms, and 128 acquisitions in a 1.5T scanner, and four brain areas were analyzed: anterior cingulate, left frontal lobe, left striatum, and left cerebellar hemisphere. Peaks and ratios of metabolites N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, and myo-inositol were measured. RESULTS: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder showed a decrease in choline/creatine ratio (p=0.020) in left striatum and an increase in myo-inositol/creatine ratio (p=0.048) in left cerebellum compared with controls. There was no statistically significant difference in all peaks and ratios from the anterior cingulate and frontal lobe between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study found evidence that the left striatum and left cerebellum are affected by intrauterine exposure to alcohol. Additional studies with larger samples are necessary to expand our knowledge of the effects of fetal exposure to alcohol.


OBJETIVO: Analisar a composição metabólica de áreas encefálicas através da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética em crianças com transtornos do espectro alcoólico fetal e crianças normais. MÉTODO: A amostra deste estudo de casos-controles incluiu 8 meninos com história epidemiológica de exposição fetal ao álcool (idade mediana 13,6±3,8 anos), diagnosticados com transtorno do espectro alcoólico fetal, e 8 controles (idade mediana 12,1±3,4 anos). Utilizou-se voxel único de 8 cm³, tempo de eco 30 ms, tempo de repetição 1.500 ms, 128 aquisições, em scanner de 1,5T para as seguintes áreas: cíngulo anterior, lobo frontal esquerdo, estriado esquerdo e hemisfério cerebelar esquerdo. Estudaram-se os picos e as razões dos metabólitos N-acetilaspartato, colina, creatina e o mio-inositol. RESULTADOS: As crianças acometidas apresentaram diminuição da razão colina/creatina (p=0,020) no estriado esquerdo, e aumento da razão mio-inositol/creatina (p=0,048) no cerebelo esquerdo. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores encontrados no cíngulo anterior e lobo frontal entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo encontrou evidências de que o estriado e o cerebelo esquerdos são acometidos pela exposição intra-uterina ao álcool. Estudos adicionais com amostras maiores são essenciais para expandir nosso conhecimento dos efeitos da exposição fetal ao álcool.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Brain Chemistry , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Case-Control Studies
18.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 88(2): e32-5, 2007 Feb.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17384823

ABSTRACT

This is the report of an 11-year-old boy with chronic renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The child had been on dialysis, calcitriol, calcium carbonate, and presented dyslipidemia and calcified thrombi in various vessels and organs in the course of his condition. Pathological examination showed ischemic cerebral necrosis, calcification in coronary arteries, and myocardial infarction.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Calcinosis/etiology , Calcinosis/pathology , Child , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology , Male , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Severity of Illness Index
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 88(2): e32-e35, fev. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-444370

ABSTRACT

Relatamos o caso de uma criança de 11 anos, com doença renal crônica e hiperparatireoidismo secundário. Havia sido tratada com diálise, calcitriol, carbonato de cálcio e, na evolução, apresentou dislipidemia e trombos calcificados em vários vasos e órgãos. O exame anatomopatológico revelou necrose cerebral isquêmica, calcificação nas artérias coronárias e infarto do miocárdio.


We describe a case 11 year-old boy, in which a chronic renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism was treated by dyalisis, calcitriol, and calcium supplementation. He developed dyslipidemia, calcified lesions with thrombus formation in several organs and vessels. Necropsy findings showed ischemic cerebral necrosis, calcification in arteries including coronaries, and myocardial infarction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Calcinosis , Fatal Outcome , Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Severity of Illness Index
20.
Pulmäo RJ ; 15(2): 86-91, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-612387

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o estridor é uma indicação freqüente de laringotraqueobroncoscopia (LTB) nos serviços de endoscopia respiratória pediátrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a incidência de estridor como indicação do exame endoscópico, sua relação com a idade e o sexo, descrever as complicações do exame, os achados endoscópicos e identificar as causas de estridor. Metodologia: foi feito um estudo descritivo retrospectivo dos casos de estridor, examinados no Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF), no período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 1999. Duzentos e sessenta e oito (268) exames com broncoscópio flexível foram realizados, sob contenção e anestesia tópica. Os outros 15 exames foram realizados sob anestesia geralinalatória, com broncoscópio rígido. Os dados foram computados no software EPI-INFO 5 e avaliados com estudo de freqüênciasimples e percentual. Resultados: o estridor foi a principal indicação de LTB, com 283 casos (16,1%). A idade variou de 5 dias a 17 anos, com média de 6,7 meses (DP=15,59m) e mediana de 4 meses. O predomínio do sexo masculino foi de1,7/1. Não ocorreram complicações durante o exame. A principal causa de estridor foi a laringomalácia, com 183 ocorrências(65,72%). Conclusão: os resultados do trabalho compartilham com os dados encontrados na literatura. A LTB é uma técnica de fácil utilização, oferecendo baixos índices de complicações, o que justifica a sua importância como método diagnóstico das causas de estridor na criança.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Bronchoscopy , Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
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